Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Andre Aklian

Freshman
Jan 24, 2015
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Hey everyone, new member! I discovered this site a month or so ago; there is a lot of information here! I wanted to post a question and tell about my specific situation and get some feedback.

I am in a 3 piece cover band. I sing and play guitar, then we have drummer who sings, and bassist. When we started out 5 years ago, we put our equipment together to form a decent beginner PA system and have been using it at bars on weekends ever since. The guys came in with a Samson powered mixer, 300W mono, going into 2 Celestion main speakers with 15" woofers. I brought a power amp with 2 Peavey PR12s for monitors and it has seemed to work out. My bassist has a pretty big rig with an 18" and 2x10" cabs, so we don't run him through the PA. We only run 2 vocals, my guitar mic'd, and sometimes the kick drum mic'ed on certain venues.

We are now talking about upgrading our system, and have some disagreements on what to get. We set a cap of $3000 to get everything, and want to keep it as simple as possible. We don't have a dedicated sound man. I setup the sound at sound check and tweak accordingly as the night goes on. We are leaning towards active speakers all around with a passive mixer, most likely an Allen and Heath Mixwiz.

My first question is: 12's or 15's for main speaker woofers? I initially wanted to get a pair of high quality 12s (Mackie, JBL, QSC) which pack the power but come in lighter and smaller than 15s. However, the bassist and drummer want to stay close to our original setup with 15's.

Second question: Do we need subs? We play bars that aren't that big, from small dives to nicer places. I believe the guitar and vocals don't need the low end as much. Only the kick drum, which we don't always mic, would need the subs. Plus, the issue is that they are big and heavy to lug around, and none of us have the room in our current vehicles to do it.

Is it really a choice between 12's with subs or 15's without? Can we mic the kick drum if we use only 12's alone? Should we stick with 15's if that is the case?

Finally, will running guitar and vocals through 12's put more wear and tear on speakers than just running vocals alone? Trying to debunk something my bassist was arguing.

Can we upgrade to a simpler, more high quality system for $3k?


Thanks!

Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Often a 12" is better in a bar setting because of the wider coverage, and modern 12" speakers very often will have just as good or better bass than an older 15". Putting guitar through a 12" like the PRX712 is no problem at all, but adding bass and kick will at the very least stress the speaker to the point where you lose some vocal clarity.
Given the budget, and assuming PRX and the like is enough quality for you, I'd say two 12" and a single sub to start with. In fact, if you are going the 2+1 PRX route, the PRX710 might be just the ticket, giving you a very compact and lightweight system.
As for miking the kick and putting it into a 12", I'd say that depends a lot on what you are looking for, because a kick can be anything from a monstrous chest thump to a friendly thud with some fundamentals around 60-70 Hz and a lot more at 120-140 Hz.
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info guys!!

Right now we play bars, bar/restaurants, and dives. Some of the larger venues we play have their own sound setups, but most of the time we bring ours. It can cover weird shaped irish pubs to larger, more popular spots. I estimate that the rooms we cover would hold anywhere from 50-200 people max. We've used our current setup for outdoor gigs in large backyards and have had no trouble yet, even with our 300W Mains. It helps to have a guitar amp capable of going loud (Mesa Mark V), and bass rig that is powerful on its own (500W, 2x10 and 18" cabs). We are kinda like a green day of cover bands. We mostly use heavy gain guitar sounds, but its a single guitar.

I think for the bigger places, mic'ing the kick drum is essential so it can carry to the back of the bar, but not sure. I'd rather go with 12's alone, or maybe with a single sub, but the guys are hell bent on 15s. I think they are misled, thinking that bigger speaker equates to bigger sound, more reliability, etc. But that doesn't seem to be the case.

I was told by a soundman friend of mine that running just the kick to a sub and the vox/guitar through the mains would sound pretty huge. Any thoughts?


Thanks

Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Forgot to answer a couple other questions. The cover band does all sorts of popular rock songs from 80s, 90s, today. Green Day, Bon Jovi, all those 80s one off hits, Foo Fighters, Metallica, Pop Punk, etc. I do not plan on re-using the monitors. I'd rather keep them as a spare. Right now I have the 2 Peavey PR12s, with a Nady X900 Power amp in a small rack powering them up. The PR12s are light but the power amp is heavy. I'd rather get a couple of smaller, 12" woofered powered speakers for that setup too. They can also be used as spare mains if we ever had an issue. I am right now looking at either Mackie SRM450s or EV ZLX-12P's for the monitors. Any info or insight you guys can give on the mains or the setup in general would be great. Right now, Bass will not be run in our setup. Kick drum is optional, but definitely guitar and vocals through the PA.


Thanks,


Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Forgot to answer a couple other questions. The cover band does all sorts of popular rock songs from 80s, 90s, today. Green Day, Bon Jovi, all those 80s one off hits, Foo Fighters, Metallica, Pop Punk, etc. I do not plan on re-using the monitors. I'd rather keep them as a spare. Right now I have the 2 Peavey PR12s, with a Nady X900 Power amp in a small rack powering them up. The PR12s are light but the power amp is heavy. I'd rather get a couple of smaller, 12" woofered powered speakers for that setup too. They can also be used as spare mains if we ever had an issue. I am right now looking at either Mackie SRM450s or EV ZLX-12P's for the monitors. Any info or insight you guys can give on the mains or the setup in general would be great. Right now, Bass will not be run in our setup. Kick drum is optional, but definitely guitar and vocals through the PA.


Thanks,


Dre

In your situation, I'd probably get a set of matching powered speakers for both mains and monitors (quantitty depends on budget) and a mixer. For mid-level powered boxes, I like the QSC K10, and have always found the Mackie SRM450 to be a bit harsh (although it can be tamed with EQ). I haven't heard the EV ZLX series, though. I wouldn't bother with a subwoofer at this stage, as you simply don't have the budget for it (addig a sub would be ~1/3 of your budget). You can always add a sub later, but it's more difficult to add quality to gear you already own.

As far as mixers go, you really should look at the entry-level digital consoles that are available. Most allow for saving and recalling settings, and all have dynamics and effects onboard in addition to EQ. While I'd rather mix on a MixWiz with an outboard rack, the digital mixers are more convenient and compact.
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info. I am not even sure what you mean by outboard rack (probably additional processing units like compressor, eq, etc along with mixer?). I was just planning on using mixer alone at this junction. Do you think the digital mixer would be better for "set it and forget it" style of band mixing?

Do you think we could get by with 12's as mains, running the kick, guitar, and vocals through it? Or would 15's be better for that? Do you say to get matching speakers for mains and monitors so that they can be interchanged? I was thinking of spending a little more on the mains than monitors, but it all depends.


Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

You could look at the new Turbosound speakers that are coming out.
The iNSPIRE iX15 looks interesting as does the iNSPIRE iQ12
With what your getting by with now a pair of the iNSPIRE iP2000 may be the ticket for small but good all around sound.

New stuff coming out at NAMM so its a good time to be shopping!

http://www.music-group.com/turbosound/namm/index.aspx

Douglas R. Allen
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info! I am not too familiar with the Turbosound stuff but will check out as it becomes more available after NAMM! Right now I am liking the JBL, Mackie or QSC 12's, but need to convince bandmates about that instead of 15s. I'd even consider 10s over subs but need to really see how we can afford and fit them in our cars.

Could the band get by with just 12's as mains, using vox, guitar and kick drum through them? I'd imagine that the kick drum being there would take some quality from the vocals and guitar, but would that combo damage the speakers over time more or anything?

As for mixers, I am intrigued by digital. I am looking to spend something in the $1k range. I was originally looking at the MixWiz 16:2, but wonder if there are better choices for what my band does. For digital, maybe the QSC touch mix 16, or even 8 since we only use 4 inputs right now. We should have some spare channels for growth. I was also looking at the Presonus 16:0:2. It would be nice to have a compact easy to set mixer with high quality sound, good options for EQ. and having the ability to recall settings and add more effects like compression would be nice. Is the quality of the digital mixers I mentioned equal to the analog stuff like the mixwiz? Is there anything the mixwiz can't do that I may need?


Thanks,

Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info. I am not even sure what you mean by outboard rack (probably additional processing units like compressor, eq, etc along with mixer?). I was just planning on using mixer alone at this junction. Do you think the digital mixer would be better for "set it and forget it" style of band mixing?

Do you think we could get by with 12's as mains, running the kick, guitar, and vocals through it? Or would 15's be better for that? Do you say to get matching speakers for mains and monitors so that they can be interchanged? I was thinking of spending a little more on the mains than monitors, but it all depends.


Dre

Yes, an outboard rack is a rack with processing gear in it that is used with an analog mixer. They have mostly been made obsolete by digital mixers with everything integrated. The biggest advantages to a digital mixer in your application are the ability to save and recall settings., and the built-in processing. It will give you some room to grow, and give you more consistency.

Yes, I suggested getting matching speakers for your mains and monitors. There are several advantages to this, and no real disadvantages at the scale of a bar band.

Stop worrying about driver size. Really. What matters is the performance of the loudspeaker as a whole. There are loudspeakers using nothing larger than an 8" driver that will blow away most 15" 2-way speakers on the market today. There are speakers with 15" LF drivers that are basically unusable without subwoofers. And there are subwoofers with 12" drivers that will easily outperform larger subwoofers with 18" drivers. What a bigger driver means is that the loudspeaker will be bigger than a similar box with smaller drivers, and that the crossover points need to be lower for the same directivity characeristics. It has almost nothing to do with frequency response, and while it has some implications for maximum output, these implications are quite small when comparing adjacent driver sizes. To the point that the design of a specific driver has a bigger effect than cone diameter.

You're not gonig to damage modern self-powered speakers with audio. I'd suggest that you find a local retailer that has a reasonable selection, and go demo some speakers. You might be surprised at what you find.
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info Rob! Do you have some suggestions as to some speaker brands and models to zero in on? I've been mostly looking at what Musicians friend has to offer, and also the brands at Sam Ash, Guitar Center. The only thing I worry about with driver size is the weight. I'd rather save 10+ pounds per speaker as long as it will sound as good or better.

Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for the info Rob! Do you have some suggestions as to some speaker brands and models to zero in on? I've been mostly looking at what Musicians friend has to offer, and also the brands at Sam Ash, Guitar Center. The only thing I worry about with driver size is the weight. I'd rather save 10+ pounds per speaker as long as it will sound as good or better.

Dre

Andre, while I agree that lighter is generally easier (and I'm getting old enough to appreciate those fewer pounds) I think that you really need to focus on the sonic performance of whatever speakers interest you. If you buy the wrong "small/light" speakers you could end up not really upgrading your sound. Lateral moves are expensive and demoralizing to a band - you guys are spending your own money and not changing the audience experience.

I think in general it's a bad idea to put kick drum in small speakers. Why? Because there is still this temptation to try and get some low frequency action to the audience, but with exactly the wrong product. A thoughtful mixerperson can voice the kick drum to play nice with smaller PA, but it requires a paradigm shift in thinking and a reliance on the bass guitar rig to carry the low end of the band's sound. If you cannot contemplate a subwoofer (or 2, eventually, because you'll like with they do to your sound, :) ) then I'd suggest listening to your bandmates and getting the 15" boxes because they typically have another half-to-full octave of perceivable low end when compared to their 12" brothers in the same model line. You can't get that back with EQ on a smaller box.

My firm provided PA, foldback (monitors), mixer, tech, and some mics for a high school production of Godspell. I took VUE a15 for the PA and VUE A12 for the foldback. The difference in LF capabilities between them was obvious, but above 200Hz they sounded remarkably the same. I was able to use the tympani, kick drum and bass guitar in my mix. Recall the previous "thoughtful mixerperson" ;) ... but I was able to make effective use of the additional LF the larger box afforded.

I encourage you to listen to as many speakers as you can, find 3 you like and then look at size/weight, companion products like subs, and accessories like covers & dolly boards/casters.

Have fun, good luck.

Tim Mc
 
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Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

I was told by a soundman friend of mine that running just the kick to a sub and the vox/guitar through the mains would sound pretty huge. Any thoughts?
At first, I would keep your set-up simple; it’s a Sound Guy preference thing. You’re still running the Kick into the Mains and then balancing the thump into the Sub with an Aux. For me, on my system I don't run with Aux Subs. I have the system tune'd to the way I like it. However, when I run on a supplies system I ask for Aux Subs, that way I can adjust the Sub/Bass level to my likings.


I am right now looking at either Mackie SRM450s or EV ZLX-12P's for the monitors. Any info or insight you guys can give on the mains or the setup in general would be great. Right now, Bass will not be run in our setup. Kick drum is optional, but definitely guitar and vocals through the PA.
I have a few of the EV ZLX-12P… for the money they are great speakers. They handle Cocktail and Weddings with ease, but at the same time I am not providing crushing loud volumes like I do at the end of the Receptions. They also work great a Monitors.



As far as mixers go, you really should look at the entry-level digital consoles that are available. Most allow for saving and recalling settings, and all have dynamics and effects onboard in addition to EQ. While I'd rather mix on a MixWiz with an outboard rack, the digital mixers are more convenient and compact.
As for mixers, I am intrigued by digital. I am looking to spend something in the $1k range. I was originally looking at the MixWiz 16:2, but wonder if there are better choices for what my band does. For digital, maybe the QSC touch mix 16, or even 8 since we only use 4 inputs right now. We should have some spare channels for growth. I was also looking at the Presonus 16:0:2. It would be nice to have a compact easy to set mixer with high quality sound, good options for EQ. and having the ability to recall settings and add more effects like compression would be nice. Is the quality of the digital mixers I mentioned equal to the analog stuff like the mixwiz? Is there anything the mixwiz can't do that I may need?

Agree! I would get the QSC TouchMix is a nice little compact mixer. It doesn’t need an iPad to operate; and your band members can connect into it as well and mix their own monitor. As for which one to buy, I would get the 16ch, it’ll come in handy down the road. Some love the Presonus, some hate it, I hate it; why? Because there isn’t motorized faders on a digital console.

The Plus side of digital is that you don’t need to carry and effects, compressor, gate rack. The TouchMix is very compact and comes ins a long briefcase for transportation.


Could the band get by with just 12's as mains, using vox, guitar and kick drum through them? I'd imagine that the kick drum being there would take some quality from the vocals and guitar, but would that combo damage the speakers over time more or anything?

Buy Powered Speakers... upfront they cost a little bit more, but in the long run it'll be much much easier to set-up and you don't need to worry to much about speaker processing and if you have the correct amps.

You can run Kick/Bass through the tops, but don’t expect the speakers to produce any type of low end rumble. I would look at adding at least 1 sub into the system.

I prefer 12” mains with at least 1 sub as a small rig with a full band. 15” tops tend to get a little bulkier and you don’t gain to much with them, just a little extra low end. I don’t see 10” tops (of this price range) being able to handle a full band.

As for purchasing; talk to some Forum members who are Dealers, we (generally speaking) can and will get you better deals than Guitar Center. AND/OR find your local/regional brink & mortar, mom & pop’s Music store, get a good relationship going with them and they’ll help you out as well.

I would focusing on the mains and spend as much money as I can on these. While I can’t keep it in the $3k range for Mixer using Advertised prices, I think the community could help and get you close.
Mixer: QSC Touch Mix16 - $1300
Tops (x2): EV EKX12P*, JBL PRX712P, TurboSound iQ12 – $700-850
Sub: EV EKX15SP*, TurboSound iQ15* - $800-900
*new products announced at NAMM2015, should be shipping soon
SubTotal: $3500-$4000

Monitors: 3x EV ZLX12P - $400
Total: $4700-5100.
 
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Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

While I completely agree that 12" tops over 18" subs is a much better combination than a pair of 15" tops, it is also quite a bit more expensive...... and you have to get a mixer with that 3k too.

A used MixWiz is about the best bang for the buck that exists in todays market. You should be able to snag one for $400-$500. They are built like a tank, sound very good, and have a very good feature set for your purposes.

There are two ways you could go here. One way would be to buy a single top and a single sub. This would have the advantage of actually giving you some kick you can feel out in the audience. My personal favorite in the price range you are in would be the DSR112 over a PRX718XLF ($900 and $1300 respectively). If you get more money later, you could get another set and have a matched pair on each side.

The second way to do it would be to get a good pair of 15" powered tops. The DSR115 is the punchiest and most powerful 15" top I have ever heard in this price range. It is a bit heavy, but it is really powerful. They run 1k each right now from here: http://www.guitarcenter.com/Yamaha-DSR115-Active-Loudspeaker-106226988-i1546105.gc

These are not your grandfathers 15" powered EON's either. They are a serious speaker and have some serious punch to them. Not as potent as a 12" over 18" mind you, but very impressive compared to your current rig. You wouldn't be making a lateral move at all. This would definitely be a huge step up.

Good luck!
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for all the info and tips guys!! We probably cannot just get by on 1 sub and 1 top. A compromise would be 1 sub and 2 tops, but that stilll pushes our budget past 3k. I like the idea of high quality, punchy 15 tops, but the hefty weight is always an issue. Our current 15s weigh 50lbs each, and I'd like to be able to at least stay at that level, if not a bit lighter. Probably won't get a lighter set of 15s though.

I was looking at the ZXA1 Sub by EV. It is a 12" woofer, but is lighter, smaller, and in a better price point. Would that work under 12"s or is it more appropriate to have a 15 or 18 sub?

Also, I'm thinking of the analog vs. digital mixers. The MixWiz seems like a dependable, solid choice. However, I was not planning on being able to afford and put together additional effects and units to go along with it at this point. The Digital mixers out there seem like they have a lot of options, plus the ability to save settings for each venue we play. However, I do not know about its reliability. Plus, with digital, if something goes wrong with software or a board, I could be screwed, whereas an analog mixer may still function. Either way, I do have a behringer analog mixer that could be used as a spare. I am torn between a MixWiz (new or used) if I go analog, and either the presonus or QSC touch mix if I go digital.


Dre
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for all the info and tips guys!! We probably cannot just get by on 1 sub and 1 top. A compromise would be 1 sub and 2 tops, but that stilll pushes our budget past 3k. I like the idea of high quality, punchy 15 tops, but the hefty weight is always an issue. Our current 15s weigh 50lbs each, and I'd like to be able to at least stay at that level, if not a bit lighter. Probably won't get a lighter set of 15s though.

I was looking at the ZXA1 Sub by EV. It is a 12" woofer, but is lighter, smaller, and in a better price point. Would that work under 12"s or is it more appropriate to have a 15 or 18 sub?

Also, I'm thinking of the analog vs. digital mixers. The MixWiz seems like a dependable, solid choice. However, I was not planning on being able to afford and put together additional effects and units to go along with it at this point. The Digital mixers out there seem like they have a lot of options, plus the ability to save settings for each venue we play. However, I do not know about its reliability. Plus, with digital, if something goes wrong with software or a board, I could be screwed, whereas an analog mixer may still function. Either way, I do have a behringer analog mixer that could be used as a spare. I am torn between a MixWiz (new or used) if I go analog, and either the presonus or QSC touch mix if I go digital.

Dre

Run like hell from the Presonus. Seriously.

Now let's review - you don't have enough money for 2 12" tops and a sub, and the 12" tops won't do what you want without the sub. You're skeptical of 15" because of weight, but haven't bothered to see what any of the suggested models weigh.

You've got your mind made up, so what's the question?
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Hello

One more way to go

- If your present mixer is good enough for a while - get two 12 tops and one or two subs - depending on how much they cost.
- use your old wedges and power them with the built-in power-amp of your mixer - if that is loud enough for you and one monitor mix is enough.
- later when this investment has made your life easier and you feel like it - get digital mixer and active monitors, that might be the same as your tops.

Most importantly - do NOT buy anything "little better" thinking you upgrade later - sure way to waste money - buy something, that will be good for years to come - you never regret it.
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Here's an interesting bit of info that the average person doesn't know about > the most important part of the PA is the speakers. In the beginning stages, many people get bogged down with all the fancy board and mic options and then scrimp on speakers. You can get bigger better sound from cheap mics and boards with better speakers than the other way around.

Years ago a hard working band from my hometown had the quickest easiest setup ever and you guys are very close to having that same rig. The bass player with that same Peavey 18+2x10 cab used some kind of old fashioned 2 channel bass head - probably an old Fender tube amp - and they used a kick mic with low to high transformer into one channel and bass in the other. It gave them some kick bump and it kept the stick PA open for vocals only. You could try that idea now with your extra "B" board by having the bass player plug into it along with the kick and feed it into the power amp (return) part of the bass head then to the beast speaker. You have everything you need right now without spending any money if you can balance it properly as long as your bass player is open minded. Your "B" board has XLR inputs so no need for the low>high transformer. Just put it on top of the bass amp and tweek. If you hang around here you'll be sucked into a world of audio cork sniffery that there is no cure for.
 
Re: Upgrading our PA System - 12s or 15s, and are subs necessary?

Thanks for all the info and tips guys!! We probably cannot just get by on 1 sub and 1 top. A compromise would be 1 sub and 2 tops, but that stilll pushes our budget past 3k. I like the idea of high quality, punchy 15 tops, but the hefty weight is always an issue. Our current 15s weigh 50lbs each, and I'd like to be able to at least stay at that level, if not a bit lighter. Probably won't get a lighter set of 15s though.

I was looking at the ZXA1 Sub by EV. It is a 12" woofer, but is lighter, smaller, and in a better price point. Would that work under 12"s or is it more appropriate to have a 15 or 18 sub?

Also, I'm thinking of the analog vs. digital mixers. The MixWiz seems like a dependable, solid choice. However, I was not planning on being able to afford and put together additional effects and units to go along with it at this point. The Digital mixers out there seem like they have a lot of options, plus the ability to save settings for each venue we play. However, I do not know about its reliability. Plus, with digital, if something goes wrong with software or a board, I could be screwed, whereas an analog mixer may still function. Either way, I do have a behringer analog mixer that could be used as a spare. I am torn between a MixWiz (new or used) if I go analog, and either the presonus or QSC touch mix if I go digital.

Are you open to buying used?

EV ZX is a good small system but not so much for bands. There is a local guy who runs ZXa1 and 2 ZXA1-Sub per side, volume at an average size bar (75-100 people); the does struggle because the drummer and guitars can easily over power it.

I would still go Digital and I wouldn’t lose any sleep over a possible software issue. My 2 budget console choices are QSC Touch Mix and Behringer X32-Rack.